392 lines
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392 lines
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<title>pj2 (Parallel Java 2 Library Documentation)</title>
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<meta name="date" content="2016-04-06">
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<h2 title="Class pj2" class="title">Class pj2</h2>
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<ul class="inheritance">
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<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">java.lang.Object</a></li>
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<ul class="inheritance">
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<li>pj2</li>
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<pre>public class <span class="strong">pj2</span>
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extends <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></pre>
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<div class="block">Class pj2 is the PJ2 job and task launcher main program.
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<P>
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Usage: <TT>java pj2 [threads=<I>threads</I>] [schedule=<I>schedule</I>]
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[chunk=<I>chunk</I>] [nodeName=<I>nodeName</I>] [cores=<I>cores</I>]
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[gpus=<I>gpus</I>] [workers=<I>workers</I>]
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[masterSchedule=<I>masterSchedule</I>] [masterChunk=<I>masterChunk</I>]
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[tracker=<I>host</I>[:<I>port</I>]] [listen=<I>host</I>[:<I>port</I>]]
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[debug=<I>message</I>[,<I>message</I>...]]
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[jvmFlags=<I>flag</I>[,<I>flag</I>]] [jar=<I>file</I>]
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[timelimit=<I>timelimit</I>] <I>jobOrTaskClass</I> [<I>arg</I> ...]</TT>
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<P>
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PJ2 is designed for writing two kinds of parallel programs: tightly coupled
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single-node and loosely coupled multi-node.
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<P>
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<B>Tightly coupled single-node parallel programs.</B>
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A tightly coupled single-node parallel program is intended to run on one
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multicore node. The program consists of multiple threads that run in parallel
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on separate cores. The threads communicate and coordinate by reading and
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writing variables in shared memory.
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<P>
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This kind of PJ2 program is expressed as a subclass of class <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Task</a>. The program is executed by running the <TT>pj2</TT>
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program as follows:
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<P>
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<TT>$ java pj2 MainTask <I>arg</I> ...</TT>
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<P>
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The above command runs class MainTask, a subclass of class <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Task</a>. Replace <TT>MainTask</TT> with the fully-qualified
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class name of the desired task subclass. The <TT>pj2</TT> program creates an
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instance of the task subclass, then calls that task's <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#main(java.lang.String[])"><code>main()</code></a> method, passing in an array of the
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command line argument strings (zero or more). The <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#main(java.lang.String[])"><code>main()</code></a> method carries out the computation.
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When the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#main(java.lang.String[])"><code>main()</code></a> method returns, the
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<TT>pj2</TT> program terminates.
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<P>
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The computation can contain sequential statements executed by a single
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thread, interspersed with parallel statements executed by multiple threads.
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Running on a multicore computer, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) schedules
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each thread on a separate core, thus executing the program in parallel.
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<P>
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<B>Loosely coupled multi-node parallel programs.</B>
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A loosely coupled multi-node parallel program is intended to run on multiple
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nodes. The nodes may be located in a cluster parallel computer, in a grid, or
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in a cloud. The program consists of multiple <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Task</a>s that run in parallel on separate nodes. The tasks coordinate and
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communicate with each other by reading and writing <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Tuple.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Tuple</a>s in <I>tuple space.</I> The tasks are intended to be
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<I>coarse-grained,</I> meaning each task runs for minutes or hours, not
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milliseconds. The tasks are intended to communicate <I>small to medium
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amounts of data</I> via tuple space, not enormous quantities of data.
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<P>
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This kind of PJ2 program is expressed as a subclass of class <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Job</a>. The program is executed by running the <TT>pj2</TT>
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program as follows:
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<P>
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<TT>$ java pj2 jar=<I>file</I> MainJob <I>arg</I> ...</TT>
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<P>
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The above command runs class MainJob, a subclass of class <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Job</a>. Replace <TT>MainJob</TT> with the fully-qualified class
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name of the desired job subclass. The <TT>pj2</TT> program creates an
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instance of the job subclass, then calls that job's <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#main(java.lang.String[])"><code>main()</code></a> method, passing in an array of the
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command line argument strings (zero or more). The <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#main(java.lang.String[])"><code>main()</code></a> method defines <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Rule.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Rule</a>s that specify which <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Task</a>s are to be executed as part of the job. The <TT>pj2</TT> program
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creates and executes those tasks, which carry out the job's computation. The
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tasks may execute in the <TT>pj2</TT> program's process or on computational
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nodes that are part of a cluster, grid, or cloud. When all the tasks have
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finished executing, the <TT>pj2</TT> program terminates.
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<P>
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Running on a cluster, grid, or cloud, the program executes each task on a
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separate node, thus executing the program in parallel. Each task receives
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input tuples that are taken out of tuple space, performs computations, and
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generates output tuples that are written into tuple space. Each task executes
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independently of other tasks. All inter-task coordination and communication
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goes through tuple space.
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<P>
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<B>Properties.</B>
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Certain properties of the job or task can be specified on the <TT>pj2</TT>
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command line by including the appropriate option before the job or task class
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name. These override the default property values. The properties are:
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<UL>
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<P><LI>
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<TT>threads</TT> specifies the number of threads that will execute a parallel
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for loop. Specify <TT>threads=all</TT> to indicate that a parallel for loop
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will be executed by as many threads as there are cores on the machine on
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which the task is running. The default is <TT>threads=all</TT>. See the
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#threads(int)"><code>Job.threads()</code></a> or <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#threads(int)"><code>Task.threads()</code></a> method for further information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>schedule</TT> specifies how the iterations of a parallel for loop are
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partitioned among the threads executing the parallel for loop. The default is
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a fixed schedule. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#schedule(edu.rit.pj2.Schedule)"><code>Job.schedule()</code></a> or <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#schedule(edu.rit.pj2.Schedule)"><code>Task.schedule()</code></a> method for
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further information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>chunk</TT> specifies how the iterations of a parallel for loop are
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partitioned among the threads executing the parallel for loop. The
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interpretation of the default <TT>chunk</TT> property depends on the
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<TT>schedule</TT> property. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#chunk(int)"><code>Job.chunk()</code></a> or <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#chunk(int)"><code>Task.chunk()</code></a> method for
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further information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>nodeName</TT> specifies the name of the node on which a task must run.
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Specify <TT>nodeName=any</TT> to indicate that a task can run on any node.
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The default is <TT>nodeName=any</TT>. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#nodeName(java.lang.String)"><code>Job.nodeName()</code></a> or <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#nodeName(java.lang.String)"><code>Task.nodeName()</code></a> method for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>cores</TT> specifies the number of CPU cores a task requires. Specify
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<TT>cores=all</TT> to indicate that a task requires all the CPU cores on the
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node. The default is <TT>cores=all</TT>. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#cores(int)"><code>Job.cores()</code></a> or <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#cores(int)"><code>Task.cores()</code></a> method for further information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>gpus</TT> specifies the number of GPU accelerators a task requires. The
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default is none (0). See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#gpus(int)"><code>Job.gpus()</code></a> or
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html#gpus(int)"><code>Task.gpus()</code></a> method for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>workers</TT> specifies the number of worker tasks that will execute a
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master-worker cluster parallel for loop. The default is one worker task. See
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the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#workers(int)"><code>Job.workers()</code></a> method for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>masterSchedule</TT> specifies how the iterations of a master-worker
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cluster parallel for loop are partitioned among the worker tasks executing
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the parallel for loop. The default is a fixed schedule. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#masterSchedule(edu.rit.pj2.Schedule)"><code>Job.masterSchedule()</code></a>
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method for further information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>masterChunk</TT> specifies how the iterations of a master-worker cluster
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parallel for loop are partitioned among the worker tasks executing the
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parallel for loop. The interpretation of the default <TT>masterChunk</TT>
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property depends on the <TT>masterSchedule</TT> property. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#masterChunk(int)"><code>Job.masterChunk()</code></a> method for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>tracker</TT> specifies the host and port at which the Tracker is
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listening for connections from jobs. If <TT>tracker=none</TT> is specified,
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the job will not connect to the Tracker. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#trackerHost(java.lang.String)"><code>Job.trackerHost()</code></a> and <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#trackerPort(int)"><code>Job.trackerPort()</code></a> methods for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>listen</TT> specifies the host and port at which the job itself will
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listen for connections from the nodes that will run the job's tasks. See the
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#listenHost(java.lang.String)"><code>Job.listenHost()</code></a> and <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#listenPort(int)"><code>Job.listenPort()</code></a> methods for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>debug</TT> tells a job to print a certain debugging message or messages.
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Multiple messages may be specified, separated by commas (no spaces). Specify
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<TT>debug=all</TT> to turn on all debugging messages. Specify
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<TT>debug=none</TT> to turn off all debugging messages. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#debug(edu.rit.pj2.Debug...)"><code>Job.debug()</code></a> method for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>jvmFlags</TT> specifies one or more flags that are included on the
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command lines of the JVMs that run each of the tasks in the job. Multiple
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flags may be specified, separated by commas (no spaces). See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#jvmFlags(java.lang.String...)"><code>Job.jvmFlags()</code></a> method for further
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information.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>jar</TT> specifies the Java archive (JAR) file that contains the class
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files needed by a job and its tasks. For further information, see class
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">Job</a>.
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<P><LI>
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<TT>timelimit</TT> specifies a time limit in seconds for the job. The default
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is no time limit. See the <a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html#timeLimit(int)"><code>Job.timeLimit()</code></a> method for further information.
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</UL>
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<P>
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<B>Abnormal termination.</B>
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If code in a job or task throws an exception that propagates out of the
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<TT>main()</TT> method, the <TT>pj2</TT> program prints an exception stack
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trace and terminates.
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<P>
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Code in a job or task must <I>not</I> call the <TT>System.exit()</TT> method.
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If a job or task needs to terminate itself, the job or task should throw an
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exception that propagates out of every method without being caught, such as a
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/TerminateException.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2">TerminateException</a> or any other
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runtime exception. The exception's detail message can explain why the job or
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task terminated. This exception propagates out of the <TT>main()</TT> method
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and causes the <TT>pj2</TT> program to terminate.</div>
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<dl><dt><span class="strong">See Also:</span></dt><dd><a href="edu/rit/pj2/package-summary.html"><code>edu.rit.pj2</code></a>,
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/Job.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2"><code>Job</code></a>,
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<a href="edu/rit/pj2/Task.html" title="class in edu.rit.pj2"><code>Task</code></a></dd></dl>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="summary">
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<ul class="blockList">
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<li class="blockList">
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<!-- ========== METHOD SUMMARY =========== -->
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<ul class="blockList">
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<li class="blockList"><a name="method_summary">
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<!-- -->
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</a>
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<h3>Method Summary</h3>
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<table class="overviewSummary" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Method Summary table, listing methods, and an explanation">
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<caption><span>Methods</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></caption>
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<tr>
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<th class="colFirst" scope="col">Modifier and Type</th>
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<th class="colLast" scope="col">Method and Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr class="altColor">
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<td class="colFirst"><code>static void</code></td>
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<td class="colLast"><code><strong><a href="pj2.html#main(java.lang.String[])">main</a></strong>(<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a>[] args)</code>
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<div class="block">PJ2 launcher main program.</div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<ul class="blockList">
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<li class="blockList"><a name="methods_inherited_from_class_java.lang.Object">
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<!-- -->
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</a>
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<h3>Methods inherited from class java.lang.<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></h3>
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<code><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#clone()" title="class or interface in java.lang">clone</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#equals(java.lang.Object)" title="class or interface in java.lang">equals</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#finalize()" title="class or interface in java.lang">finalize</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#getClass()" title="class or interface in java.lang">getClass</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#hashCode()" title="class or interface in java.lang">hashCode</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notify()" title="class or interface in java.lang">notify</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notifyAll()" title="class or interface in java.lang">notifyAll</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#toString()" title="class or interface in java.lang">toString</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait()" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait(long)" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait(long, int)" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a></code></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="details">
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<ul class="blockList">
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<li class="blockList">
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<!-- ============ METHOD DETAIL ========== -->
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<ul class="blockList">
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<li class="blockList"><a name="method_detail">
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<!-- -->
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</a>
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<h3>Method Detail</h3>
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<a name="main(java.lang.String[])">
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<!-- -->
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</a>
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<h4>main</h4>
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<pre>public static void main(<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">String</a>[] args)</pre>
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<div class="block">PJ2 launcher main program.</div>
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<dl><dt><span class="strong">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>args</code> - Property settings (optional), job or task class name, job's
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or task's command line arguments (zero or more).</dd></dl>
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<p class="legalCopy"><small><FONT SIZE="-2">Copyright © 2013–2016 by Alan Kaminsky. All rights reserved. Send comments to ark</FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFFF">­</FONT><FONT SIZE="-2">@</FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFFF">­</FONT><FONT SIZE="-2">cs.rit.edu.</FONT></small></p>
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